二、 there be 句型：表示某地有某物 there is// there are
there is a book on the desk.
there are books on the desk.
否定式，疑問式
there isn’t a book on the desk.
is there a book on the desk?
* there be 句型中，be 與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)必須一致
there is a book, two pencil, and some notebooks on the desk,
there are two pencil, a book and some notebooks on the desk.
三、倒裝：
是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用以表示一定句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要和強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分的需要。
倒裝包括：完全倒裝（謂+主） // 部分倒裝（助動(dòng)詞+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）
① how goes the time?
② seldom have we felt as comfortable舒適的 as here.
完全倒裝：
1）there be 句型也是一種倒裝句。
there is a book on the desk.
2) here 、now、then 等一些副詞引導(dǎo)的句子。
here comes a bus. now comes your turn.
then came the day of his examination.
部分倒裝：
1) 由so、neither、nor 引導(dǎo)的句子。 也是（也不是）
i am a teacher and so are you.
he likes singing and so does helen.
i don’t eat meat and neither does jack.
my sister haven’t seen that film, nor have i.
2) 一些狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝語(yǔ)序（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）（were、 had、 should）往往是由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，把if 省略。
were i you, i would refuse.
if i were you, i would refuse.
had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train.
if we had got there earlier, we would-----
3) 否定詞式具有否定意義的詞放在句首作為句首狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，no(不、沒有) // never (從不、決不)// seldom (很少)// little // few rarely(很少地) // hardly (幾乎不) // never before (從不) // no longer (不再) // no more (不再) // not until (直到---才--) // in no way (決不) // in no case (決不) // hardly---when (一----就) // scarcely----when--- ( 一---就---) // no sooner---than (一---就) // not only ---but also (不僅---而且)
seldom have i seen such brutality
scarcely was he out of sight when he came. scarcely 倒裝when 不倒裝
not only did he work faster, but also he worked better.
4）一些介詞短語(yǔ)移到句首時(shí)
in no circumstances['sə:kəmstəns]絕不，無論如何 could we agree to such a principle.原則
5）only (僅僅) 做介詞短語(yǔ) // 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句 //充當(dāng)副詞的情況下倒裝。
only in this way, can our honour榮譽(yù)名聲 be saved.保全，保護(hù)
only then could the work be seriously begin.
only if she is ill , does she absent. 主句倒裝
6）as though 修飾形容詞 //分詞 //動(dòng)詞 adj+as//though+主+謂
clever though he was, he still made this mistake.
change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support